Clinical trials

Proven through research

Our clinical trials provide the evidence base for condition-specific formulations and product innovation.

Categories

Rheumatology

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395

Cardiovascular Health

  • von Schacky C, Angerer P, Kothny W. Et al. The effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann.Intern.Med. 1999;130:554-562
  • von Schacky C, Baumann K, Angerer P. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis: results from SCIMO, an angiographic study, background and implications.LIPIDS 2001;36:S99-S102  
  • Lervang HH, Schmidt EB, Møller JM. Et al. The effect of low-dose supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on some risk markers of coronary heart disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1993;53:417-423
  • Markmann P, Lerche C, Nørtoft LL. A critical view on using fish-oil in prevention of ischaemical heart disease. Ugeskr Laeger 1992;154:2288-2292
  • Schmidt EB. n-3 fatty acids and the risk of coronary heart disease. Dan.Med.Bull 1997;44:1-22
  • Marckmann P, Bladbjerg EM, Jespersen J et al. Dietary fish oil (4 g daily) and cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 1997;17:3384-3391
  • Rees D, Miles EA, Banerjee T, et al. Dose-related effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune function in healthy humans: a comparison of young and older men. American.journal of clinical.nutrition 2006;83:331-342
  • Cazzola R, Russo-Volpe S, Miles EA, et al. Age- and dose-dependent effects of an eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male subjects. Atherosclerosis 2007;193:159-167
  • Einvik G, Klemsdal TO, Sandvik L et al. A randomized clinical trial on n-3 PUFA supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk. Eur J Cardiovasc Rehab 2010;17:588-592
  • Hjerkinn EM, Abdelnoor M, Breivik L et al. Effect of diet or very long chain omega-3 fatty acids on progression of atherosclerosis, evaluated by carotid plaques, intima-media thickness and by pulse wave propagation in elderly men with hypercholesterolaemia. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2006;13:325-333
  • Dyerberg J, Eskesen DC, Andersen PW et al. Effects of trans- and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy males. European.journal of clinical.nutrition 2004;58:1062-1070
  • Dyerberg J, Christensen JH, Eskesen D et al. Trans, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vascular function-A yin yang situation. Atherosclerosis.Supplements 2006;33-35
  • Schmidt EB, Varming K, Pedersen JO et al. Long-term supplementation with n-3 fatty acids. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 1992;52:229-236
  • Wu S-Y, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Lovegrove JA, Todd S, and Yaqoob P. Fish-oil supplementation alters numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles independent of eNOS genotype. AJCN 2014 doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088880
  • Minihane AM, Khan S, Leigh-Firbank EC et al. ApoE polymorphism and fish oil supplementation in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Atheriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2000;20:1990-1997
  • Nordøy A, Hatcher LF, Ullman DL et al. Individual effects of dietary saturated fatty acids and fish oil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:634-639
  • Schmidt EB, Ernst E, Varming K et al. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on lipids and haemostasis in patients with Type IIa and Type IV hyperlipidemia. Thromb Haemostas 1989;62:797-801
  • Schmidt EB, Sørensen PJ, Pedersen JO et al. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids, haemostasis, neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 1989;225 (suppl):201-206
  • Schmidt EB, Varming K, Ernst E et al. Dose-response studies on the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids and haemostasis. Tromb Haemostas 1990;63:1-5
  • Schmidt EB, Pedersen JO, Varming K et al. N-3 fatty acids and leucocyte chemotaxis. Effects in hyperlipidaemia and dose-response studies in healthy men. Arterosclerosis and Thrombosis 1991;11:429-435
  • Schmidt EB, Klausen IC, Kristensen SD et al. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Lp(a). Clin Chim Acta 1991;198:271-278
  • Schmidt EB, Varming K, Svaneborg N et al. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in men with moderate and severe hypertriglyceridemia: a dose-response study. Ann Nutr Metab 1992;36:283-287
  • Schmidt EB, Lervang HH, Varming K et al. Long-term supplementation with n-3 fatty acids: effects on blood lipids, haemostasis and blood pressure. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992;52:221-228
  • Svaneborg N, Møller JM, Schmidt EB et al. The acute effects of a single very high dose of n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy subjects. Lipids 1994;29:145-147
  • Stark KD, Park EJ, Maines VA et al. Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:389-394
  • Seljeflot I, Johansen O, Arnesen H et al. Procoagulant activity and cytokine expression in whole blood cultures from patients with atherosclerosis supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids. Thromb.Haemost. 1999;81:566-570
  • Lindman AS, Pedersen JI, Hjerkinn EM et al. The effects of long-term diet and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on coagulation factor VII and serum phospholipids with special emphasis on the R353Q polymorphism of the FVII gene. Thrombosis.and haemostasis 2004;6:1097-1104
  • Barstad RM, Roald HE, Petersen LB et al. Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids has no effect on acute collagen induced thrombus formation in flowing native blood. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1995;6:374-381
  • Flaten H, Høstmark AT, Kierulf P et al. Fish-oil concentrate: effects on variables related to cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:300-306
  • Freese R, Mutanen M. Alpha-linolenic acid and marine long-chain n-3 fatty acids only slightly differ in their effects on haemostatic factors in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:591-598
  • Freese R, Mutanen M. Small effects of linseed oil or fish oil supplementation on postprandial changes in hemostatic factors. Thromb Res 1997;85(2):147152
  • Freese R. Dietary fatty acids and hemostasis. Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on platelet function and coagulation in healthy subjects. 1997;Uni Helsinki 75
  • Müllertz A, Hølmer G, Grøndahl-Hansen J et al. Increased concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in plasma after intake of fish oil. Fibrinolysis 1990;4(suppl 2):86-88
  • Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, heart rate variability and ventricular arrhythmias in post-AMI-patients. A clinical controlled trial. Ugeskr.Laeger 1997;159:5526-5529
  • Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E et al. Effect of fish oil on heart rate variability in survivors of myocardial infarction: a double blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1996;312:677-678
  • Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Ejlersen E et al. n-3 fatty acids and ventricular extrasystoles in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Nutrition Res 1995;15:1-8
  • Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E et al. n-3 fatty acids and ventricular arrhythmias in post-myocardial infarction patients with a low ejection fraction 1995;10:107-114
  • Christensen JH, Christensen MS, Dyerberg J et al. Heart rate variability and fatty acid content of blood cell membranes: a dose-response study with n-3 fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:331-337
  • Christensen JH, Aarøe J, Knudsen N et al. Heart rate variability and n-3 fatty acids in patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Neprol 1998;49:102-106
  • Kumar S, Sutherland F, Wheeler M, Heck PM, Lee G, Teh AW, Manohar LG, Morgan JG, Sparks PB. Effects of chronic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on human atrial mechanical function after reversion of atrial arrhythmias to sinus rhythm: Reversal of tachycardia-mediated atrial cardiomyopathy with fish oils. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:643-649
  • Seljeflot I, Arnesen H, Brude IR et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and/or antioxidants on endothelial cell markers. Eur.J.Clin.Invest. 1998;28:629-635
  • Berstad P, Seljeflot I, Veierod MB et al. Supplementation with fish oil affects the association between very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum non-esterified fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Clinical.science 2003;105:13-20
  • Eid H, Arnesen H, Hjerkinn EM et al. Effect of diet and omega-3 fatty acid intervention on asymmetric dimethylarginine. Nutrition & Metabolism 2006;3:4
  • Furenes EB, Seljeflot I, Solheim S et al. Long-term influence of diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids on matrix metalloproteinase-9 and PAPP-A in men at high risk of coronary heart disease. SCLI 2008;68:177-184
  • Bonnema SJ, Jespersen LT, Marving J et al. Supplementation with olive oil rather than fish oil increases small arterial compliance in diabetic patients Diab Nutr & Metabol 1995;8:81-87
  • Hjerkinn EM, Seljeflot I, Ellingsen I et al. Influence of long-term intervention with dietary counseling, long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplements, or both on circulating markers of endothelial activation in men with long-standing hyperlipidemia. American.journal of clinical.nutrition 2005;81:583-589
  • Christensen JH, Therkelsen K, Møller JM et al. n-3 fatty acids do not decrease plasma endothelin levels in healthy individuals. Scan J Clin Invest 1997;57:495-500
  • Fashing P, Ratheiser K, Waldhäusl W et al. Metabolic effects of fish-oil supplementation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1991;40:583-589
  • Fashing P, Rohac M, Liener K et al. Fish oil supplementation versus gemfibrozil treatment in hyperlipidemic NIDDM. Horm Metab Res 1996;28:230-236
  • Troseid M, Seljeflot I, Hjerkinn EM et al. Il-18 is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in elderly men with the metabolic syndrome. Diab Care 2008;32:486-492
  • Kamolrat T, Gray SR, and Thivierge MC. Fish oil positively regulates anabolic signalling alongside an increase in whole-body gluconeogenesis in ageing skeletal muscle. Eur J Nutr 2013;52(2):647-657
  • Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, and Kopecky J. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Physiol Res 2014;63(1): 93-118
  • Kopecky J, et al. Combined intervention with Pioglitazone and n-3 fatty acids in metformin-treated diabetic patients on postprandial lipid clearance and selected cytokines. Nutrition & Metabolism NUAM-D-15-00080R1
  • Razny,U., Kiec-Wilk,B., Polus,A., Goralska,J., Malczewska-Malec,M., Wnek,D., Zdzienicka,A., Gruca,A., Childs,C.E., Kapusta,M., Slowinska-Solnica,K., Calder,P.C., and Dembinska-Kiec,A. (2015) Effect of caloric restriction with or without n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin sensitivity in obese subjects: A randomized placebo controlled trial, BBA clinical 4, 7-13
  • Bas JM, Caimari A, Rodriguez-Naranjo MI, Childs CE, Chavez CP, West AL, Miles EA, Arola L, Calder PC. Impairment of lysophospholipid metabolism in obesity: altered plasma profile and desensitization to the modulatory properties of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:266-279
  • Razny Urszula, Beata Kiec-Wilk, Anna Polus, Joanna Goralska, Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec, Dominika Wnek, Anna Zdzienicka et al. 2015. Effect of caloric restriction with or without n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin sensitivity in obese subjects: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BBA Clinical 2015;4:7–13
  • Clark,L.F., Thivierge,M.C., Kidd,C.A., McGeoch,S.C., Abraham,P., Pearson,D.W.M., Horgan,G.W., Holtrop,G., Thies,F., and Lobley,G.E. (2016) Fish oil supplemented for 9 months does not improve glycaemic control or insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose regulation: a parallel randomised controlled trial, The British journal of nutrition 115, 75-86
  • Polus A, Zapala B, Razny U, Gielicz A, Kiec-Wilk B, Malczewska-Malec M, Sanak  M, Childs CE, Calder PC, Dembinska-Kiec A. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influences the whole blood transcriptome in women with obesity, associated with pro-resolving lipid mediator production. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1861(11):1746-1755
  • Rohith N. Thota, Shamasunder H. Acharya and Manohar L. Garg. Curcumin and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance and blood lipids in individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial, Thota et al. Lipids in Health and Disease (2019) 18:31 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-0967-x

Dementia

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395

Obstetrics

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395

Immunology

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395

Safety

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395

Miscellaneous

  • Sundstrom B, Stalnacke K, Hagfors L et al. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2006;39:359-362
  • Volker DH, Fitzgerald P, Major G et al. Efficacy of a fish-oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2343-2346
  • Nielsen GL, Faarvang BS, Thomsen BS et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:687-691
  • Hansen GVO, Nielsen L, Kluger E et al. Nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid patients and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish-oil and antioxidants. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:325-330
  • Faarvang KL, Nielsen, Thomsen BS et al. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double-blind study. Ugeskrift Laeger 1994;156:3495-3498
  • Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH et al. Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Rheum 1992;11(3):393-395